Can a corporation be dissolved by a court order in Ontario, separate from voluntary or administrative dissolution?

Yes. Alongside voluntary dissolution, where shareholders choose to wind up and file articles of dissolution, and administrative dissolution, where the government dissolves a corporation for non-compliance such as failing to file returns, the Business Corporations Act also allows a court to order a corporation dissolved in certain circumstances. This typically arises on an application by a shareholder, director, or the Director appointed under the Act, often in situations involving serious oppression, a genuine deadlock between owners that can't otherwise be resolved, or where it's otherwise just and equitable to bring the corporation's existence to an end.

Court-ordered dissolution tends to be a last-resort remedy rather than a first step, since courts generally prefer less drastic solutions where they're available, such as a buyout of one owner by another or other oppression remedies that let the business continue under different ownership. It's most often seen in closely held corporations with two or three owners where the relationship has broken down entirely and no other resolution is realistic.

If you're a shareholder in a corporation where the ownership relationship has become unworkable, dissolution is one possible outcome, but it's worth exploring other remedies with a lawyer first, since courts don't order it lightly.