What happens if I close on a business and then discover unrecorded cash liabilities the same week?

Discovering unrecorded liabilities shortly after closing generally triggers the same analysis as any other post-closing discovery — an indemnity claim for breach of the seller's representations about the business's liabilities and financial statements, subject to the negotiated survival period, cap, and basket that apply to that representation. Finding it within the same week doesn't change the legal path itself, though it does mean you're comfortably within any short survival period that might otherwise be a concern.

The quick discovery does have a real practical advantage: preserving evidence and documenting exactly what you found is much easier while everything is still fresh, and getting your lawyer involved immediately means the claim can be assessed and raised before memories fade or records are disturbed further. Whether the liability was genuinely unrecorded through an honest oversight, or deliberately kept off the books, can also affect how the claim is treated, similar to other misrepresentation questions in this area — worth flagging to your lawyer either way.