What are the main types of work permits available in Canada?
Canadian work permits fall into two broad categories: employer-specific (closed) permits and open work permits.
An employer-specific permit ties you to one employer, one job, and usually one location. To get one, your employer typically needs a positive Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) first, unless the position is LMIA-exempt under an international trade agreement or an intra-company transfer provision.
An open work permit lets you work for almost any employer in Canada without needing an LMIA. Open permits are available in specific situations: spouses or common-law partners of certain skilled workers or international students, holders of a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP), refugee claimants, and others listed in federal regulations. Open permits offer more flexibility but not everyone qualifies.
Both types have expiry dates, and you must maintain valid status. In Ontario, there are also bridging open work permits for applicants who have applied for permanent residence and whose initial permit is about to expire.
Understanding which stream suits your situation is important because the application process and requirements differ significantly between them.
Key takeaways
- Canada has two main types: employer-specific and open work permits.
- Employer-specific permits usually require an LMIA unless an exemption applies.
- Open permits are available in defined situations, not universally.
- Permits expire; bridging options may be available while a PR application is pending.