Does renewing my home country's passport put my refugee status at risk of cessation?

It can, because voluntarily obtaining or renewing a passport from the country you fled, and using or intending to use it as that country's protection, is one of the classic examples of what's called re-availment — conduct that can be treated as showing you no longer need Canada's protection from that country. It's not an automatic loss of status just for holding the document, but it is a significant fact that can support a cessation application.

What tends to matter is whether the passport was obtained voluntarily, whether you intended to actually rely on your home country's protection by using it, and the circumstances and reasons behind getting it — a passport obtained only because it was genuinely unavoidable for a specific, narrow purpose is assessed differently from one obtained and used more broadly, including for travel back to that country.

Because this is one of the more common and avoidable triggers for a cessation review, refugees and protected persons should get legal advice before renewing or applying for a home country passport, rather than assuming it is a routine administrative matter unconnected to their status in Canada.