Can a parent renew a super visa from inside Canada without leaving and reapplying from abroad?

Not quite — a super visa is issued as an entry document from outside Canada, and a brand new super visa generally needs to be applied for from abroad, the same way the original one was. What can sometimes be done from inside Canada is different: applying to extend the authorized period of stay under an existing valid super visa, which is a separate application from getting a new visa altogether.

It is an easy distinction to blur, because both processes involve IRCC and both relate to how long a parent can be in Canada, but they are not interchangeable. Extending a stay keeps the person under their current super visa and current entry, just for a longer authorized period, subject to whatever current limits apply. Getting an entirely new super visa, for example once the current one has expired or after leaving Canada, is generally a fresh application made from outside the country. If a parent's authorized stay or visa validity is approaching its end, figuring out which of these two processes actually fits their situation matters, since applying for the wrong one, or applying too late, can leave them without valid status. An immigration lawyer can help confirm which process fits the specific timing and plans involved.