How long does it take to get permanent residence in Canada?

Processing times for permanent residence vary significantly depending on the program you apply through, the completeness of your application, and IRCC's current workload. Because immigration is federal, processing happens at IRCC, not in Ontario. There is no provincial queue.

Express Entry applications have a stated processing-time target, though actual times can differ. Non-Express Entry applications such as Family Class and refugee streams typically take longer. IRCC publishes an online processing-time tool that you can use to check current estimates for your specific application type.

Delays often result from incomplete applications, missing documents, failed biometrics, or requests for additional information. Processing can also pause while background, medical, or security checks are completed. There is no guaranteed timeline, and contacting IRCC to inquire about an individual file is generally only productive after the published processing time has passed without a decision. If your file has been significantly delayed beyond IRCC's own estimates, a lawyer can help you consider options such as a web form inquiry or, in appropriate cases, a mandamus application.