What does proportionality mean in Ontario civil litigation?

Proportionality is a core principle in Ontario's Rules of Civil Procedure. It means that the steps taken in litigation should be proportionate to the amount at stake, the complexity of the issues, and the importance of the matter to the parties. Courts and parties are expected to avoid procedures or processes that are disproportionately expensive or time-consuming relative to what the case is worth.

The proportionality principle was strengthened in Ontario through court reforms aimed at improving access to justice. It applies at every stage: discovery, motions, experts, and trial length are all expected to be calibrated to what the dispute genuinely requires. Courts can refuse to grant relief or can restrict steps they consider disproportionate.

In practical terms, proportionality means you should not use every available litigation tool in every case. Spending more in legal fees than a claim is worth rarely makes sense. Courts look unfavourably on parties who engage in excessive procedural steps to drive up the other side's costs or to delay resolution. Discussing litigation strategy and expected costs with your lawyer at the outset helps you pursue your claim or defence in a proportionate and cost-effective way.