Does a will always need to be probated in Ontario?

Not always, but probate is commonly required in Ontario when an executor needs to deal with institutions such as banks, investment firms, or land registry offices. Probate — formally called a "Certificate of Appointment of Estate Trustee" — is the court's confirmation that the will is valid and that the named executor has authority to act.

For small or simple estates, or where all significant assets pass outside the estate (for example, through joint ownership or named beneficiary designations), probate may be unnecessary. Some financial institutions have their own thresholds below which they will release assets without probate.

When someone dies without a will, the administrator appointed by the court undergoes a similar process. Dying intestate does not eliminate the court process — in fact, it often makes administration more involved because there is no named executor and the court must appoint someone. Speaking with an estate lawyer can help clarify whether probate is needed for your situation.